Chin Qilich Khan (Nizam-ul-Mulk) was a veteran of Aurangzeb's reign. Frustrated by the corruption and lethargy of Muhammad Shah's court, he left Delhi in 1724 to establish his own semi-independent rule in the Deccan, signaling the fragmentation of the empire.
1162
Which Mughal Emperor is associated with the construction of the 'Jama Masjid' in Delhi?
Shah Jahan built the Jama Masjid of Delhi between 1644 and 1656. It was the principal mosque of his new capital, Shahjahanabad, and remains one of the largest and most spiritually significant mosques in India.
1163
The 'Faujdar' in the Mughal administration was the officer in charge of:
The Faujdar was a military officer appointed to a district (Sarkar). His primary duties were to maintain order, suppress rebellions, and assist the revenue officials in collecting taxes if the local zamindars refused to pay.
1164
The 'Mughal School of Painting' was greatly developed by the import of two Persian masters, Mir Sayyid Ali and Abd al-Samad, by:
During his exile in Persia, Humayun was impressed by Safavid art. When he returned to India, he brought these two masters with him, who then established the imperial atelier (Karkhana) that trained local Indian artists and created the distinctive Mughal style.
1165
Which of these European powers were the first to establish a permanent presence in India and had early interactions with the Mughals?
The Portuguese arrived in 1498 and were already established in Goa when Babur founded the empire. They controlled the sea lanes, and Akbar had significant interactions with Jesuit missionaries sent from Goa to his court.
1166
The 'Bakhshi' in the Mughal system was the official responsible for:
The Mir Bakhshi was the head of the military department. He was responsible for inspecting the troops, managing the Mansabdari records, issuing the warrants of appointment, and supervising the state's intelligence network (the news-writers or Waqai-navis).
1167
Which Mughal Emperor was known for his 'Justice' through the establishment of a special department for public grievances?
While Akbar created the foundation, Jahangir's focus on justice was central to his public image. His 'Chain of Justice' and his frequent personal intervention in legal disputes were intended to project him as the ultimate protector of the weak against the strong.
1168
The 'Koh-i-Noor' diamond was famously set into which part of the Peacock Throne?
The Peacock Throne was named for the two peacocks with fanned-out tails behind the seat. The Koh-i-Noor, along with other massive gems like the Akbar Shah diamond, was set into the structure to symbolize the incomparable wealth of the Mughal sovereign.
1169
Who was the 'Chief Sadr' in the Mughal administration?
The Sadr-us-Sudur was the highest religious official. He was responsible for distributing imperial charities (Aima or Madad-i-Maash) to mosques, schools, and holy men, and acted as the emperor's advisor on religious matters.
1170
The 'War of Succession' between the sons of Shah Jahan occurred while he was still alive but incapacitated in which year?
When Shah Jahan fell seriously ill in 1657, a civil war broke out between his four sons: Dara Shikoh, Shuja, Murad, and Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb emerged victorious by 1658, imprisoned his father in the Agra Fort, and executed his rivals.
