The strategic fort of Qandahar (Kandahar), a bone of contention between the Mughals and Safavids, was lost to the Persians (Shah Abbas I) in 1622 during Jahangir's reign.

Jahangir was a scholar and wrote his memoirs, the 'Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri' (also known as Jahangirnama), in Persian. It provides a detailed account of his reign, his observations on nature, and his personal life.

Muhammad Shah was forced to cede all territories west of the river Indus (including Kabul and Sindh) to the Persian Empire.

After some Persian soldiers were killed by locals, Nadir Shah ordered a general massacre (Qatl-e-aam) in Delhi.

The Persian army under Nadir Shah decisively defeated the Mughal forces in less than three hours.

Unlike Babur, who wrote in Chagatai Turkish, Jahangir wrote his memoirs in Persian, which was the court language of the Mughals.

The loss of Kandahar to the Persian Shah Abbas I in 1622 was a significant blow to the Mughal Empire's prestige and strategic defense.

Mahmud Gawan was a Persian merchant who became the Prime Minister (Wazir) of the Bahmani Sultanate and improved its administration and military.

Amir Khusrau is credited with fusing Persian, Arabic, and Indian musical traditions to create Qawwali.

Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Shah Jahan, was a scholar who translated 50 Upanishads into Persian to find common ground between Hinduism and Islam.