The foundational texts of political philosophy are correctly matched as follows: Thomas Hobbes authored 'Leviathan', John Locke wrote 'Two Treatises of Government', Jean-Jacques Rousseau penned 'The Social Contract', and Niccolò Machiavelli wrote 'The Prince'. These works represent the core evolution of Western political thought from realism to the social contract tradition.

Rousseau was influenced by Thomas Hobbes's concept of absolute sovereignty, particularly as articulated in 'Leviathan'. While Rousseau transformed this concept by shifting the location of sovereignty from a monarch to the people (the General Will), he retained the idea that sovereignty must be absolute, indivisible, and inalienable to be effective.

Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher, introduced his theory of Social Contract in his influential book 'Leviathan'. The book, considered a foundational text in Western philosophy, explores the nature of politics, sovereignty, and the social contract. It argues that individuals must submit to an absolute authority to escape the horrors of the state of nature.

Thomas Hobbes is the primary advocate for absolute sovereignty in his seminal work, 'Leviathan'. He argued that to avoid the chaos of the state of nature, individuals must surrender their rights to a single, absolute sovereign authority, whose power is indivisible and supreme to ensure social order and security.

In 'Leviathan', Thomas Hobbes posits that to avoid the chaos of the state of nature, individuals must surrender their rights to an absolute sovereign. Once this social contract is established, the sovereign's authority is absolute and indivisible. Consequently, subjects have no right to revolt or disobey, as the sovereign's commands are the ultimate source of law and order.

For Hobbes, the laws of nature are rational precepts derived from the human desire for self-preservation. He defines them as 'theorems' because they are conclusions reached by reason that dictate how individuals should behave to avoid the 'war of all against all' inherent in the state of nature, thereby facilitating the transition to a stable civil society.

Hobbes argued that in the absence of a powerful central authority, humans would inevitably descend into a state of chaos. He believed that only an absolute sovereign, or 'Leviathan', could enforce laws and maintain order, thereby providing the necessary security for the weak to exist without constant fear of violence from others.

Hans Morgenthau, a foundational realist, viewed the human desire for power as an inherent, often irrational, drive. This perspective shares significant common ground with Thomas Hobbes, who famously described human nature as being characterized by a 'perpetual and restless desire of power after power.' Both thinkers emphasize that this drive is a fundamental aspect of human existence that shapes political behavior and the nature of the state.

Hobbes argued that in the 'state of nature,' human life was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short due to constant conflict. To escape this state of perpetual anarchy and war, individuals collectively agreed to surrender their natural rights to a sovereign authority in exchange for security and order.

Thomas Hobbes is a foundational figure in social contract theory. In his seminal work, 'Leviathan', he argues that individuals in a state of nature, characterized by chaos and fear, enter into a rational agreement to surrender their natural rights to a sovereign authority in exchange for security and order. This transition from a state of nature to a civil society through mutual consent is the hallmark of his social contract framework.