Kakar was appointed as caretaker Prime Minister on 14 August 2023 to oversee the next general elections.

The European Commission fined Apple €1.8 billion for restricting alternative payment options in its App Store.[14](https://techxplore.com/news/2024-03-eu-biggest-antitrust-fines-big.html)

On 26 July 2023, Niger’s presidential guard ousted President Mohamed Bazoum, citing insecurity and governance failures.

Japan, as G7 President, hosted the Hiroshima Summit from 19 to 21 May 2023, with leaders gathering at the Grand Prince Hotel.[12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/49thG7summit)

They were honored for developing attosecond pulse techniques to study electron dynamics in matter.[11](https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-exam/nobel-prize-2023/)

COP28 took place from 30 November to 12 December 2023 at Expo City in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.[10](https://www.unep.org/events/conference/un-climate-change-conference-unfccc-cop-28)

Israel’s SpaceIL launched the Beresheet lander in April 2019—the world’s first private lunar mission—paving the way for subsequent commercial missions.[9](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/science/worlds-2nd-private-moon-mission-headed-by-pio/articleshow/106617855.cms)

India chased down Sri Lanka’s 50-run target in just 6.1 overs in the final to clinch their eighth Asia Cup title.8

António Guterres began his second term as UN Secretary-General on 1 January 2022, continuing through 2026.[7](https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/topics/related/2021/Antonio-guterres-secures-second-term.html)

Lula was inaugurated on 1 January 2023 for his third non-consecutive term after winning the October 2022 election.[6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LuizIn%C3%A1cioLuladaSilva)