CSS Paper Comparative Study of Major Religions (For Non Muslims) 2015 MCQs

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, a pioneer of Muslim modernism in India, advised Muslims to stay away from the Indian National Congress. He believed that the democratic system proposed by the Congress would result in a permanent Hindu majority, thereby marginalizing the political and social rights of the Muslim minority.

Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barelvi launched the Jihad movement in the early 19th century with the primary goal of establishing an Islamic state based on Sharia law. His movement sought to liberate Muslims from the oppressive rule of the Sikhs in the Punjab region and restore Islamic governance, reflecting his commitment to religious principles and social reform.

Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed Barelvi was a prominent 19th-century reformer who founded the Mujahideen movement. His goal was to restore Islamic values and resist the encroaching colonial influence in the region. The movement sought to establish a base for reform and struggle, leaving a lasting legacy on the socio-political history of the Muslims in the Indian subcontinent during the British colonial era.

The Deoband movement, or Tehrik-i-Deoband, was initiated following the establishment of the Darul Uloom Deoband in 1866. This movement sought to preserve Islamic identity and scholarship in British India through a rigorous educational curriculum. It emphasized the study of traditional Islamic sciences and aimed to reform social practices by returning to the core tenets of the Quran and Sunnah. The movement became a significant intellectual and religious force, influencing Muslims across the Indian subcontinent.

The People's Republic of China was officially established on October 1, 1949, following the victory of the Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War. Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the new state from the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Beijing. This event marked a fundamental shift in Asian geopolitics, ending decades of internal conflict and foreign intervention, and setting the stage for China's emergence as a major global power.

The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) originated within the Holy Roman Empire as a conflict between Protestant and Catholic states. It gradually escalated into a massive geopolitical struggle involving most of the major European powers of the time, including France, Sweden, and Spain. The war concluded with the Peace of Westphalia, which significantly altered the political map of Europe and established the principle of state sovereignty.

Abdullah ibn Abbas (RA), often referred to as Ibn Abbas, was a cousin of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He is celebrated in Islamic tradition as one of the greatest scholars of the Quran and is frequently titled 'Tarjuman al-Quran' (The Interpreter of the Quran). His deep knowledge of the context of revelation and his linguistic expertise made him a primary source for early Quranic exegesis and Islamic jurisprudence.

Martin Luther King Jr., a pivotal figure in the American Civil Rights Movement, was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee. His death sparked widespread mourning and civil unrest across the United States. King had been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his commitment to non-violent resistance against racial segregation and injustice. His legacy continues to influence social justice movements globally, and his life remains a subject of intense historical study.

The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits the government from denying the right to vote to citizens on the basis of sex, was ratified on August 18, 1920. This was the culmination of a decades-long struggle by the women's suffrage movement to achieve equal political rights in the United States, marking a major milestone in American civil rights history.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was established in December 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. It serves as a regional intergovernmental organization for the former Soviet republics to coordinate trade, finance, lawmaking, and security. The formation of the CIS was a critical step in managing the transition of these newly independent states after the dissolution of the USSR, providing a framework for continued cooperation.