Hegemonic Stability Theory posits that international order requires a predominant state (the hegemon) to articulate and enforce rules, providing public goods—such as security and open markets—that underpin global stability.

Tokyo was awarded the 2020 Summer Olympics at the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires in 2013.

The Taliban established their political office in Doha, Qatar, in June 2013 to facilitate peace talks with international stakeholders.

Jinnah famously stipulated a symbolic monthly salary of one rupee to demonstrate his public-service ethos.

On 16 December 2014, militants stormed the Army Public School in Peshawar, killing over 140 people, mostly children.

Although the modern Republican Party dates from the 1850s, Alexander Hamilton established the “Federalist Party,” a precursor, which laid groundwork for American two-party politics.

Beijing hosted the 14th BRICS Summit on 23–24 June 2022, focusing on economic cooperation and global governance.

Apple’s market capitalization briefly hit the $3 trillion mark in January 2022, a historic milestone for any publicly traded company.

On 26 July 2023, Niger’s presidential guard ousted President Mohamed Bazoum, citing insecurity and governance failures.

French President Emmanuel Macron’s diplomatic visit to China focused primarily on addressing the widening European trade deficit with Beijing, securing fair market access for European companies, promoting economic "de-risking" without decoupling, and discussing cooperation on global economic governance and conflict de-escalation.