In 2009, Hu Jintao was the paramount leader of China. He held the key positions of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (from 2002 to 2012) and President of the People's Republic of China (from 2003 to 2013). He also served as Chairman of the Central Military Commission (from 2004 to 2012) [2, p22].
Nicolas Sarkozy served as the President of France from May 16, 2007, until May 15, 2012 [2, p22]. At the time of this paper in 2009, he was in his first term as the French President.
The 2016 Summer Olympics were awarded to and subsequently held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [2, p21]. The International Olympic Committee made this decision in October 2009, making Rio de Janeiro the first South American city to host the Summer Olympics.
General Stanley McChrystal served as the Commander of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan (USFOR-A) and also as the Commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan [2, p17]. He held these key positions from June 2009 until his resignation in June 2010.
15
How many official working languages are recognized by the UNO?
The United Nations has six official working languages: Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Russian, and Spanish2. All official UN documents and meetings utilize these languages.
"AFPAK" (or Af-Pak) was a term used within U.S. foreign policy circles starting in 2009 to refer to Afghanistan and Pakistan as a single, integrated theater of operations2. This approach was part of a new strategy announced by the Obama administration.
17
Who was the special representative of the USA for Afghanistan and Pakistan Affairs (at the time of the paper in 2011)?
Richard Holbrooke was appointed as the U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan in January 2009 and served in this capacity until his death in December 20102. For an exam in early 2011, he would be the most recent prominent figure in that role. Marc Grossman was appointed to the position in February 2011.
The Government of Pakistan included the Thar Coalfield development in its 2009 Power Generation Policy to tap indigenous lignite reserves for electricity generation.
