The 7th National Finance Commission Award was signed on 30 December 2009 and came into effect on 1 July 2010, marking its formal commencement in 2010. [3](https://pakmcqs.com/past-papers/css-past-papers-mcqs/css-current-affairs-past-paper-mcqs/css-2025-current-affairs-past-paper-mcqs/7th-nfc-award-was-signed-in)

Making Sense of Pakistan (published in 2009 by Hurst & Publishers / Columbia University Press) was written by political scientist Dr. Farzana Shaikh, exploring how contested debates on national identity, Islamic statehood, and institutional power dynamics have shaped Pakistan's state and society.

"Niyyah" means intention in Arabic and the hadith "Actions are judged by intentions" refers directly to the importance of niyyah.

Sindhi in Pakistan is normally written in a modified Perso-Arabic script with additional letters for Sindhi sounds.

Shahmukhi, a Perso‑Arabic based script written right‑to‑left, is the primary script for Punjabi in Pakistan.

Alef is one of the non-connecting letters in Perso-Arabic script and therefore does not join to the following letter.

Many classical Pashto poets adopted the arūz system of quantitative meter from Arabic and Persian poetic tradition for formal compositions.

Pashto is written in an extended Perso-Arabic script that includes additional letters to represent Pashto phonemes.

The Umayyad administration standardized Arabic as the official language for governance and administration, which had long-term institutional effects across their domains.

The House of Wisdom spearheaded a large-scale translation movement that rendered Greek, Syriac and other texts into Arabic and fostered intellectual synthesis.