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9801
Kosovo declared independence in 2008 from which country?
A. Albania
B. Serbia
C. Macedonia
D. Montenegro
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Explanation
Kosovo declared independence from Serbia. While recognized by over 100 UN members, Serbia, Russia, and China do not recognize it.
9802
Abkhazia and South Ossetia are breakaway regions recognized by Russia but internationally considered part of:
A. Armenia
B. Azerbaijan
C. Georgia
D. Ukraine
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Explanation
Russia recognized both regions as independent states following the 2008 Russo-Georgian War.
9803
The 'Suez Canal' connects:
A. Atlantic and Pacific
B. Mediterranean and Red Sea
C. Black Sea and Mediterranean
D. Indian and Pacific
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Explanation
It provides the shortest maritime route between Europe and the lands lying around the Indian and western Pacific oceans.
9804
Which post-Soviet state fought a brief war with Russia in 2008?
A. Ukraine
B. Belarus
C. Georgia
D. Kazakhstan
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Explanation
The Russo-Georgian War lasted five days and resulted in Russia recognizing the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
9805
Who is the author of 'The End of History and the Last Man', which predicted the triumph of Western liberal democracy (a view challenged by multipolarity)?
A. Samuel Huntington
B. Francis Fukuyama
C. John Mearsheimer
D. Henry Kissinger
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Explanation
Fukuyama argued that the end of the Cold War marked the endpoint of mankind's ideological evolution, a thesis largely contested by the rise of authoritarian powers in a multipolar world.
9806
Which international forum was elevated to the leader's level in 2008 to address the global financial crisis, symbolizing a shift towards multipolarity?
A. G7
B. G20
C. OECD
D. World Economic Forum
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Explanation
The G20 replaced the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations, acknowledging the systemic importance of emerging economies like China, India, and Brazil.
9807
The 'Mumbai Attacks' of 2008 were carried out by:
A. Al-Qaeda
B. Lashkar-e-Taiba
C. Taliban
D. ISIS
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Explanation
Pakistani-based militants carried out a series of shooting and bombing attacks across Mumbai.
9808
The Arab Spring (2011) led to the overthrow of which long-time US ally in Egypt?
A. Muammar Gaddafi
B. Bashar al-Assad
C. Hosni Mubarak
D. Saddam Hussein
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Explanation
Hosni Mubarak was forced to resign in 2011 after massive protests in Tahrir Square.
9809
The 'Yellow Vest' (Gilets Jaunes) protests began in 2018 in:
A. Germany
B. Italy
C. France
D. Spain
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Explanation
The movement began as a protest against fuel tax increases.
9810
The 'Umbrella Movement' (2014) took place in:
A. Taiwan
B. Tibet
C. Hong Kong
D. Macau
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Explanation
Protesters used umbrellas to shield themselves from pepper spray while demanding transparent elections.
