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1271
The Brezhnev Doctrine was primarily utilized to justify which of the following actions within the context of international security during the Cold War?
The Brezhnev Doctrine asserted that the Soviet Union had the right to intervene in any socialist country where the socialist system was considered to be under threat, effectively limiting the sovereignty of Eastern Bloc states to ensure ideological conformity.
Which of the following doctrines fundamentally shifted United States foreign policy from isolationism to the active containment of Soviet influence during the early Cold War?
The Truman Doctrine established the policy of containment, committing the United States to provide political, military, and economic assistance to democratic nations under threat from authoritarian forces, marking a departure from previous isolationist tendencies.
Which intergovernmental organization was established in 1974 to coordinate responses to major disruptions in the supply of petroleum and to provide energy policy analysis?
The International Energy Agency (IEA) was created in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis to ensure energy security and facilitate international cooperation on energy policy, distinguishing it from producer-focused cartels like OPEC.
Under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, the Security Council is empowered to determine the existence of any threat to the peace and to decide what measures shall be taken, including economic sanctions and military action, to maintain or restore international peace and security.
The Strait of Hormuz serves as a critical geopolitical chokepoint primarily because it facilitates the transit of energy resources between which two maritime zones?
The Strait of Hormuz is the world's most important oil transit chokepoint, connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea, which is essential for global energy security.
The Carter Doctrine, articulated in 1980, specifically identified the Persian Gulf as a region of vital national interest, establishing a security framework centered on the protection of global energy supply lines.
Taijul Islam was the primary architect of the Bangladeshi bowling effort, claiming four wickets including key dismissals of Babar Azam and Salman Agha. Nahid Rana also contributed but did not take four wickets in this innings. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2001532/taijul-puts-bangladesh-on-brink-of-test-series-win-over-pakistan, 19 May 2026]
1278
What was the target set for Pakistan to win the second Test match in Sylhet?
Pakistan required 437 runs for victory, which would have been a record-breaking chase. 418 is the record chase held by the West Indies, and 377 is the highest chase previously achieved by Pakistan. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2001532/taijul-puts-bangladesh-on-brink-of-test-series-win-over-pakistan, 19 May 2026]
1279
Which legal doctrine serves as the primary mechanism for the judiciary to invalidate executive actions deemed inconsistent with the constitution?
Judicial review is the foundational constitutional mechanism that allows courts to evaluate the legality of executive and legislative actions, ensuring they remain within constitutional boundaries.
A defining feature of a parliamentary system is the principle of executive accountability, where the government remains in power only as long as it retains the confidence of the legislature.