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Which of the following principles serves as the foundational basis for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) framework?
SAARC is governed by the principles of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, and non-interference, distinguishing it from supranational organizations like the European Union.
Which of the following constitutional provisions in the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan establishes the principle of judicial review regarding laws inconsistent with fundamental rights?
Article 8 of the Constitution of Pakistan explicitly mandates that any law, or any custom or usage having the force of law, in so far as it is inconsistent with the rights conferred by Chapter 1, shall be void.
Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty establishes the principle of collective defense, stating that an armed attack against one member shall be considered an attack against them all.
Under Chapter V of the UN Charter, the Security Council is vested with the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, distinguishing its mandate from the General Assembly or the International Court of Justice.
SAFTA is the current operational framework for trade liberalization among SAARC nations, designed to reduce customs duties and promote intra-regional economic cooperation, succeeding the earlier SAPTA framework.
The HDI is a composite index developed by the UNDP that evaluates human development through three fundamental dimensions: health (life expectancy), education (mean and expected years of schooling), and standard of living (GNI per capita).
The ILO is a specialized UN agency that promotes human development by establishing international labor standards, fostering decent work opportunities, and enhancing social protection for workers globally.
Judicial review is the constitutional mechanism that empowers the judiciary to examine the actions of the legislative and executive branches to ensure they conform to the Constitution and the rule of law.
Which constitutional principle serves as the foundational framework for preventing the concentration of authority by delineating the distinct roles of the legislature, executive, and judiciary?
The doctrine of separation of powers is a fundamental constitutional mechanism that prevents the concentration of power by dividing authority among three distinct branches of government, ensuring a system of checks and balances.
Engineering goods posted a 5.64 percent increase, led by shipments of industrial machinery, transport equipment, and auto parts. Other sectors like leather garments and leather manufacturers recorded different growth percentages. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2017156/non-textile-exports-fall-in-fy26, 21 Jul 2026]
