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The MCQs below are drawn from the Principle of Engineering subject category.
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421
Which body is responsible for licensing Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) that purchase products from refineries under the new policy?
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (Ogra) is the designated body for licensing OMCs and overseeing the supply chain agreements between refineries and marketing companies. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2019003/govt-approves-new-oil-refining-policy-after-years-what-does-it-mean, 28 Jul 2026]
422
Who is the Chief Justice of India presiding over the directives regarding the youth protests on July 28, 2026?
Chief Justice Surya Kant issued the interim directives to protect protesters and ensure an independent investigation into police conduct. Dharmendra Pradhan is the former Education Minister, and Tushar Mehta is the Solicitor General. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2019008/indias-top-court-orders-no-coercive-action-against-youth-protesters-and-release-of-minors-media-reports-say, 28 Jul 2026]
423
Under the Brownfield Refining Policy, what is the minimum customs duty applied to imported motor gasoline and diesel for a period of seven years?
The fiscal regime established by the policy stipulates a minimum customs or regulatory duty of 10 percent on imported motor gasoline and diesel to protect domestic refinery interests. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2019003/govt-approves-new-oil-refining-policy-after-years-what-does-it-mean, 28 Jul 2026]
424
Consider the following statements about the 2026 AJK election discourse:
1. The PML-N claimed that the PPP had been in power in AJK for the past year.
2. The Punjab Chief Minister argued that the PPP failed to present a clear development narrative for AJK.
3. The PPP leadership congratulated the PML-N on their victory in the Mirpur division.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statements 1 and 2 are correct as they reflect the arguments made by the Punjab Chief Minister regarding the PPP's governance record and lack of a program. Statement 3 is incorrect because the PPP leadership, specifically Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari, alleged rigging rather than offering congratulations. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2019014/coalition-partners-ppp-pml-n-spar-after-first-phase-of-ajk-elections-as-political-temperatures-rise, 28 Jul 2026]
425
Which of the following is NOT a principle mentioned as part of the internationally recognized conservation strategy for Taxila?
The conservation strategy emphasizes scientific repair and preservation rather than complete reconstruction, which often violates international heritage guidelines. Reversibility, material compatibility, and masonry consolidation are standard recognized principles. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018915/513-smuggled-artefacts-repatriated-from-us, 28 Jul 2026]
426
Which of the following statements regarding the railway disruption on 2026-07-28 is INCORRECT?
Engineering teams are currently waiting for floodwaters to recede before they can begin rehabilitation work; therefore, the claim that repairs are completed is false. The other options accurately reflect the operational status and safety protocols mentioned. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018903/floodwaters-sever-rail-link-between-lahore-faisalabad, 28 Jul 2026]
427
The legal framework governing the conduct of states regarding the treatment of civilians in occupied territories is primarily derived from which instrument?
While the Hague Regulations provide foundational principles, the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 serves as the comprehensive modern treaty framework specifically regulating the obligations of an occupying power toward the civilian population.
Which article of the United Nations Charter serves as the primary constitutional mechanism for the principle of non-intervention in the domestic jurisdiction of sovereign states?
Article 2(7) of the UN Charter prohibits the United Nations from intervening in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state, a foundational principle of international law often invoked in debates regarding state sovereignty in cyberspace.
In the context of Pakistani constitutional history, the 'Doctrine of Necessity' has primarily been utilized to provide legal cover for which of the following?
The Doctrine of Necessity is a legal principle historically invoked by the judiciary to validate actions that deviate from constitutional norms, typically during periods of political instability or constitutional suspension.
The principle of direct effect allows individuals to invoke EU law directly before national courts, establishing the supremacy of EU law over conflicting national legislation.