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431
In the context of international security doctrines, the 'Two-State Solution' framework is primarily predicated on which of the following legal and territorial principles?
The two-state solution is a long-standing international security doctrine that seeks to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by establishing an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel, generally utilizing the pre-1967 borders as a baseline for negotiations.
The Arab League was established to coordinate political, economic, and social policies among member states while strictly respecting the sovereignty and independence of each member, rather than creating a supranational state or military command.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) serves as the primary regional geopolitical framework for fostering economic and social integration among South Asian states.
Stare decisis is a fundamental legal principle meaning 'to stand by things decided,' which ensures judicial consistency and predictability. It is the principle that the Supreme Court is currently struggling to maintain in inheritance limitation cases. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018244/inheritance-cases, 25 Jul 2026]
435
What is the official stance of Pakistan regarding the recognition of Israel as stated in the context of recent diplomatic pressures?
Pakistan maintains a principled position that recognition of Israel is impossible without a sovereign Palestinian state with Al Quds as its capital and pre-1967 borders. This stance remains unchanged despite external pressure. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018440/quid-pro-quo, 26 Jul 2026]
436
Consider the following statements about the challenges of preventing child marriage in Pakistan:
1. The Sindh Child Marriage Restraint Act was the first provincial law of its kind in Pakistan.
2. The Federal Shariat Court has ruled that a minimum marriage age of 18 is contrary to Islamic principles.
3. Cultural practices like watta satta often prioritize adult negotiations over the consent of the minor.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Statement 1 is correct as Sindh was the first province to enact such legislation. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Federal Shariat Court actually ruled that the age of 18 is consistent with Islamic principles. Statement 3 is correct as it reflects the reality of the watta satta practice described in the report. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018441/child-marriage, 26 Jul 2026]
437
In 2023, which judicial body upheld the legality of fixing the minimum marriage age at 18 in Pakistan?
The Federal Shariat Court ruled in 2023 that the minimum marriage age of 18 is consistent with Islamic principles. While other courts handle constitutional matters, the Federal Shariat Court specifically addressed the alignment of this age limit with Islamic law. [Source: https://www.dawn.com/news/2018441/child-marriage, 26 Jul 2026]
438
What primary method is currently being utilized for backfilling operations at the Ansar Camp on the RD 16 Bridge?
The NHA is employing stone dumping as the primary technique for backfilling at the Ansar Camp on the RD 16 Bridge to stabilize the structure. This is a standard engineering practice for rapid flood-related infrastructure repair. [Source: https://www.brecorder.com/news/40431695/heavy-flooding-ndma-directs-field-personnel-to-remain-alert, 24 Jul 2026]
439
Which of the following principles serves as the cornerstone of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, prohibiting the expulsion or return of a refugee to a territory where their life or freedom would be threatened?
The principle of non-refoulement is the fundamental tenet of international refugee law, codified in Article 33 of the 1951 Convention, ensuring that individuals are not returned to situations of persecution.
Article 2(1) of the UN Charter explicitly mandates that the Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members, serving as a constitutional pillar of international law.
