Faruqi is a leading Urdu critic and scholar noted for his analytical studies of classical forms and for reviving interest in traditional narratives and aesthetics.

Praetorianism denotes frequent military intervention and dominance in politics stemming from weak civilian control and institutions.

Dynamic equivalence emphasizes conveying meaning and natural target-language expression rather than strict literal correspondence.

The Lahore Resolution called for independent or autonomous Muslim-majority units in the northwestern and eastern zones rather than specifying a single unitary state.

A waqf is a perpetual endowment dedicating property for public or charitable use, with the donor relinquishing ownership and appointing a trustee to manage its benefits.

Asabat (residuaries) take the remaining estate after Quranic fixed shares have been allotted, inheriting by virtue of blood relationship or residuary status.

Khulʿ is a form of divorce effected by mutual agreement where the wife obtains separation, commonly by compensating the husband (e.g., returning mahr).

Mahr is a contractual right and constitutes a debt due from the husband to the wife under the marriage agreement.

A valid nikah classically requires offer and acceptance between competent parties and the specification of mahr as part of the marriage contract.

Maqasid al-Sharia focuses on protecting essential values: faith, life, intellect, lineage and property as objectives of Islamic law.