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The MCQs below are drawn from the Philosophy subject category.
Showing 1811–1820
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1811
Who is the founder of Stoicism?
A. Zeno of Citium
B. Marcus Aurelius
C. Seneca
D. Epictetus
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Zeno founded the Stoic school of philosophy in Athens, teaching that virtue, the highest good, is based on knowledge and living in harmony with reason.
1812
Who is famous for the statement 'I think, therefore I am' (Cogito, ergo sum)?
A. John Locke
B. René Descartes
C. Immanuel Kant
D. Friedrich Nietzsche
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René Descartes, a French philosopher and mathematician, used this phrase as a foundational element of Western philosophy, asserting that the very act of doubting one's existence proves the reality of one's mind.
1813
Who was the 8th-century Indian philosopher who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta?
A. Ramanuja
B. Adi Shankara
C. Madhvacharya
D. Chaitanya
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Adi Shankara traveled across India debating scholars and establishing mathas (monasteries) to revive Hinduism and the philosophy of non-dualism.
1814
Which Islamic theologian is known as the 'Proof of Islam' for reconciling mysticism (Sufism) with orthodox law?
A. Ibn Sina
B. Al-Ghazali
C. Ibn Rushd
D. Al-Farabi
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Al-Ghazali was a major Islamic scholar who critiqued Greek philosophy and integrated Sufism into mainstream Sunni Islam.
1815
Who was the Dominican friar and philosopher known for writing 'Summa Theologica'?
A. Augustine of Hippo
B. Thomas Aquinas
C. William of Ockham
D. Anselm of Canterbury
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Thomas Aquinas combined Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology (Scholasticism) and is a Doctor of the Church.
1816
Who was the French philosopher who famously declared 'I think, therefore I am'?
A. Voltaire
B. Jean-Paul Sartre
C. René Descartes
D. Blaise Pascal
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René Descartes is often called the father of modern philosophy; his statement 'Cogito, ergo sum' is a fundamental element of Western philosophy.
1817
Who led India to independence from British rule through non-violent civil disobedience?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. Subhas Chandra Bose
C. Mahatma Gandhi
D. Sardar Patel
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Gandhi's philosophy of *Satyagraha* (truth force) inspired civil rights movements across the world, including in the USA and South Africa.
1818
Which ancient Greek philosopher was sentenced to death by drinking hemlock for 'corrupting the youth' of Athens?
A. Plato
B. Aristotle
C. Socrates
D. Pythagoras
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Socrates is a founder of Western philosophy; his method of questioning (Socratic method) challenged the status quo, leading to his execution.
1819
Who is the Chinese philosopher whose teachings on family loyalty, social harmony, and filial piety became the foundation of traditional Chinese culture?
A. Laozi
B. Sun Tzu
C. Confucius
D. Mencius
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Confucius (Kong Fuzi) developed a system of social and ethical philosophy that has influenced Chinese society for over two millennia.
1820
Who is the Dutch footballer credited with inventing or popularizing the 'Total Football' philosophy?
A. Marco van Basten
B. Ruud Gullit
C. Johan Cruyff
D. Frank Rijkaard
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Explanation
Johan Cruyff was the on-field architect of Total Football and won the Ballon d'Or three times.
