What is Ijtihad Jamaʿi?
Option A
In modern times, collective ijtihad by councils of scholars addresses complex issues. It combines expertise across fields. It is essential for bioethics, finance, and governance. It ensures wider legitimacy.
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No verified paper has been uploaded for AJKPSC-PMS Ethics (for Non-Muslims) Set-1 yet. The MCQs below are drawn from the Ethics (for Non-Muslims) subject category.
In modern times, collective ijtihad by councils of scholars addresses complex issues. It combines expertise across fields. It is essential for bioethics, finance, and governance. It ensures wider legitimacy.
Halal refers to what is lawful and permissible. It is the default state of things unless proven otherwise. It contrasts with haram (forbidden). Shariʿah guides Muslims toward halal in all aspects of life.
Imam al-Nawawi frequently cited Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim in Riyadh al-Salihin. His work became a popular anthology for spirituality and ethics.
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (RA) led the Muslims at Qadisiyyah during Umar’s caliphate.
After Ali’s martyrdom, Hasan made peace with Mu‘awiyah in 661 CE. This ended immediate conflict between Muslims. It is known as the Year of Unity. It temporarily healed divisions.
Ali upheld protection of non-Muslims under Islamic law. He emphasized justice for them. He once said: “They pay jizyah so their blood is like ours.” His fairness extended to all subjects.
Mu‘awiyah demanded Uthman’s killers be punished before pledging allegiance. Ali delayed due to instability. This led to prolonged conflict. It divided Muslims into camps.
After the Battle of Jamal, Ali showed magnanimity. He treated Aisha respectfully and sent her back to Madinah with honor. He pardoned Talha and Zubayr’s supporters. His forgiveness reflected Islamic ethics.
At Khaybar, the Prophet ﷺ promised victory through a man who loved Allah and His Messenger. He gave the banner to Ali, who then defeated the Jewish fortress. This event showed Ali’s bravery and status. His victory secured Khaybar for Muslims.
Ali was buried in Najaf, Iraq. His grave became a significant site for Muslims. Najaf remains one of the holiest Islamic cities. His burial location reflects his central role in Iraq’s history.