Some interpret references to mountains metaphorically consistent with deep ‘roots’ in geology.

Genetics studies heredity and the molecular structure of DNA.

Al-Khwarizmi’s name is the root of the word ‘algorithm’, and he wrote foundational texts on algebra.

The alternation of night and day is a basic astronomical fact.

Quantum physics examines phenomena at atomic and subatomic levels.

Ibn Sina’s works included both medical and philosophical/ethical writings.

Muslim scholars advanced observational astronomy and built observatories.

Some interpret verses mentioning creation from a ‘drop of fluid’ as referring to early embryonic stages.

Evolution by natural selection is a central theory in modern biology.

Ibn Sina wrote 'The Canon of Medicine', a major medical reference for centuries.