Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia sought to maintain regional influence through various integration frameworks. Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan were among the primary post-Soviet states that actively participated in early regional groupings and economic alliances with the Russian Federation to foster political and security cooperation in the Eurasian space.

The formal reunification of Germany occurred on October 3, 1990. This historic event followed the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent negotiations between the two German states and the Allied powers. By merging the German Democratic Republic into the Federal Republic of Germany, the nation was restored as a single sovereign state, effectively ending the division caused by the Cold War.

Lithuania was the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence from the USSR on March 11, 1990. This act of defiance was a critical turning point that accelerated the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union. The move was part of a broader wave of nationalist sentiment and political reform that swept through the Baltic states during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Michelangelo Buonarroti was a towering figure of the Italian High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his contributions to sculpture, painting, and architecture defined the artistic standards of his era. His masterpieces, such as the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the statue of David, remain iconic symbols of Italian cultural heritage and Western art history.

Sher Shah Suri is credited with establishing a highly efficient and systematic revenue administration during his brief reign. He introduced land measurement techniques, standardized currency, and implemented a structured tax collection system that directly benefited the peasantry and the state treasury. His administrative reforms were so effective that they served as a foundational model for the later Mughal administrative structure, particularly under Emperor Akbar, who refined and expanded upon these early innovations.

Sher Shah Suri is widely credited with establishing a robust and systematic land revenue administration during his brief reign. He implemented the 'Rai' system, which involved measuring land and assessing taxes based on productivity. His administrative reforms, including the standardization of currency and the improvement of the land revenue collection process, served as a foundational model for subsequent rulers, including the Mughal Emperor Akbar.

The Mughal Emperor Babur authored the 'Baburnama', a significant historical memoir. Similarly, Emperor Jahangir wrote his own memoirs titled 'Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri'. Since both pairs 1 and 4 are accurately matched, option C is the correct choice. These works provide invaluable insights into the political, social, and personal lives of the Mughal emperors during their respective reigns.

Muhammad Shah, also known as Muhammad Shah Rangeela, was the Mughal emperor during the invasion of Nadir Shah in 1739. Nadir Shah looted the imperial treasury and seized the Peacock Throne, which was never recovered by the Mughal dynasty.

The Ottoman Sultanate was formally abolished by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on November 1, 1922. This act effectively ended the reign of the last Sultan, Mehmed VI, and dismantled the imperial structure that had governed the Ottoman Empire for over six centuries. This political transition was a critical step in the formation of the modern Republic of Turkey, following the aftermath of World War I and the subsequent Turkish War of Independence.

Texas is famously known as the 'Lone Star State' because it was an independent republic from 1836 to 1845 before joining the United States. The single star on its flag represents its former status as an independent nation.