Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk founded the Urdu Defence Society (or Urdu Defence Association) to organize legal and political resistance against Anthony MacDonald's decision to grant Hindi official status.
492
Sir Anthony MacDonald served as the Governor of which province during the height of the language controversy?
Anthony MacDonald was the Lieutenant Governor of the United Provinces (modern-day Uttar Pradesh). His pro-Hindi policies were viewed by Muslims as a direct attack on their cultural and social standing.
493
In 1900, which Governor issued orders that Hindi should be used as an official language in the United Provinces (U.P.)?
Sir Anthony MacDonald, the Lieutenant Governor of the United Provinces, issued the 1900 Urdu-Hindi circular that allowed the use of Hindi in the Devanagri script in government offices and courts, a move that sparked massive protests.
494
George Campbell, who took a stance against Urdu in the 1870s, was the Governor of which province?
George Campbell was the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. His administrative decisions regarding language policy were seen as the beginning of official state patronage for Hindi at the cost of Urdu.
495
In 1871, which British official ordered that Urdu should be scrapped from the syllabus books in his jurisdiction?
George Campbell, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, issued an order in 1871 to remove Urdu from the school syllabus in Bihar (then part of Bengal), which caused significant alarm among the Muslim intelligentsia.
496
Which of Sir Syed's organizations was extensively used as a tool for the protection and promotion of Urdu?
The Scientific Society, originally founded in Ghazipur and later moved to Aligarh, was primarily used to translate English academic texts into Urdu, thereby enriching the language and asserting its utility in modern education.
497
In which city did Sir Syed Ahmed Khan establish the 'Central Association' to safeguard Muslim interests?
Sir Syed established the Central Association in Allahabad. This body was one of his early political and social platforms used to advocate for Muslim rights and the preservation of the Urdu language.
498
In 1857, Sir Syed demanded the establishment of a 'Dar-ul-Tarjama' from the Government for what purpose?
Sir Syed proposed a 'Dar-ul-Tarjama' (Bureau of Translation) so that scientific and scholarly works could be translated into Urdu. He believed this was essential for the educational advancement of Indian Muslims.
499
Who was the first prominent leader to adopt systematic measures for the protection of the Urdu language?
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first to recognize the threat posed to Urdu and took institutional steps to defend it, realizing that the linguistic shift was a political move to marginalize the Muslim community.
500
What was the primary demand of the Hindu leaders during the 1867 agitation against Urdu?
Hindu leaders demanded that Hindi, written in the Devanagri script, should replace Urdu (written in the Persian script) as the official and national language, arguing that it was the indigenous language of the majority.
