Article 214 identified both Urdu and Bengali as the state languages, reflecting the linguistic diversity of the federation [13, 14].

The amendment inserted Article 25A, making it the State's duty to provide free and compulsory education to children of five to sixteen years [34].

Article 25A requires the State to provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years [18].

The Right to Property and protection against its compulsory acquisition is found in Article 152 [19, 20].

Hajj was made compulsory in the 9th year after Hijrah. This was the same year the first official Hajj was performed. By then, Islam had spread widely, allowing safe pilgrimage.

The five daily prayers were made obligatory in the 10th year of Prophethood during the Mi‘raj (Night Journey). Before that, prayer was fewer in number. This event connected believers directly with Allah five times a day. It became the pillar of Islam.

When we add up the farz rak'ahs of the five daily prayers across a week, the total comes to 48. This includes 2 (Fajr), 4 (Zuhr), 4 (Asr), 3 (Maghrib), and 4 (Isha) multiplied over seven days. It reflects the central structure of Islamic worship. The regularity of farz rak'ahs instills discipline in daily life.

Question 113
Which special prayer is offered during a lunar eclipse?
Options:
A) Salat al-Istasqa
B) Salat al-Khusuf
C) Salat al-Kasuf
D) Salat al-Tahajjud
Correct Answer: B) Salat al-Khusuf
Explanation: Salat al-Khusuf is the prayer offered during a lunar eclipse. It is a reminder of Allah's signs in creation. The Prophet ﷺ led it in congregation to remind people of Allah's power. It is prayed with long recitations and humility.

Question 114
Which special prayer is offered during a solar eclipse?
Options:
A) Salat al-Khusuf
B) Salat al-Kasuf
C) Salat al-Istasqa
D) Salat al-Jumu'ah
Correct Answer: B) Salat al-Kasuf
Explanation: Salat al-Kasuf is prayed when a solar eclipse occurs. The Prophet ﷺ prayed it to show submission to Allah at extraordinary cosmic events. It is prayed with extra bowings and prostrations. It reminds believers that the sun and moon are under Allah's control.

Question 115
Which prayer is offered to ask Allah for rain?
Options:
A) Salat al-Kasuf
B) Salat al-Khusuf
C) Salat al-Istasqa
D) Salat al-Janazah
Correct Answer: C) Salat al-Istasqa
Explanation: Salat al-Istasqa is offered to seek rain from Allah during drought. The Prophet ﷺ prayed it with hands raised, turning them with the backs upward. This symbolizes humility and neediness before Allah. It was a well-known practice in Madinah during times of famine.

Question 116
When did the Prophet ﷺ first offer Jumu'ah prayer?
Options:
A) 1 A.H.
B) 2 A.H.
C) Before Hijrah
D) 5 A.H.
Correct Answer: A) 1 A.H.
Explanation: The Prophet ﷺ first offered Jumu'ah prayer in 1 A.H., soon after arriving in Madinah. Jumu'ah prayer became an essential weekly act of worship. It combines communal gathering with sermon and prayer. It remains a symbol of Muslim unity.

Question 117
When was the first Eid prayer offered by the Prophet ﷺ?
Options:
A) 1 A.H.
B) 2 A.H.
C) 5 A.H.
D) 10 A.H.
Correct Answer: B) 2 A.H.
Explanation: The Prophet ﷺ led the first Eid prayer in 2 A.H. after the command for Zakat al-Fitr. Eid prayers celebrate the completion of major acts of worship like fasting and Hajj. They are marked with joy, gratitude, and remembrance of Allah.

Question 118
What is the ruling of Eid prayer in Islamic law?
Options:
A) Sunnah
B) Wajib
C) Mustahabb
D) Mubah
Correct Answer: B) Wajib
Explanation: Eid prayer is regarded as wajib (obligatory according to many jurists). The Prophet ﷺ never abandoned it and encouraged all, including women, to attend. It is performed with additional takbeerat. Its community nature emphasizes collective celebration of obedience to Allah.

Question 119
Who is called a Mudrak in salat?
Options:
A) One who starts with the imam
B) One who joins after one rak'ah
C) One who prays alone
D) One who misses Jumu'ah
Correct Answer: A) One who starts with the imam
Explanation: A Mudrak is the person who begins salat with the imam from the first takbeer. He experiences the prayer fully in congregation. This contrasts with a Masbuq, who joins late. Both categories show how Islamic law values congregation.

Question 120
Who is called a Masbuq in salat?
Options:
A) One who starts with the imam
B) One who misses at least one rak'ah
C) One who prays alone
D) One who leads others
Correct Answer: B) One who misses at least one rak'ah
Explanation: A Masbuq is the person who joins after the imam has already prayed one rak'ah or more. He must complete the missed rak'ahs after the imam finishes. The Prophet ﷺ taught: "What you catch, pray; what you miss, complete it."

Question 121
What does the word Tahajjud literally mean?
Options:
A) Extra prayer after Isha
B) Abandoning sleep
C) Standing long in prayer
D) Night meditation
Correct Answer: B) Abandoning sleep
Explanation: Tahajjud literally means abandoning sleep. It refers to voluntary night prayer after sleeping. The Prophet ﷺ prayed it regularly, and the Qur'an praises those who do so. It carries immense spiritual reward.

Question 122
What is Qa'dah in salat?
Options:
A) Standing after ruku'
B) Sitting straight in prayer
C) Short pause between sajdahs
D) Raising hands in takbeer
Correct Answer: B) Sitting straight in prayer
Explanation: Qa'dah refers to sitting straight in salat, especially during tashahhud. It is a farz to complete the prayer properly. The sitting reflects humility and submission. It also provides the position for reciting shahadah.

Question 123
What is Jalsah in salat?
Options:
A) Standing after ruku'
B) Sitting after salat
C) Short pause between two sajdahs
D) Raising hands in takbeer
Correct Answer: C) Short pause between two sajdahs
Explanation: Jalsah is the brief pause of sitting between two sajdahs. It is wajib according to many jurists. It allows calmness and composure in prayer. The Prophet ﷺ emphasized tranquility in every movement.

Question 124
What is Qaumah in salat?
Options:
A) Standing straight after ruku'
B) Sitting straight after sajdah
C) Extra takbeer
D) Raising hands for dua
Correct Answer: A) Standing straight after ruku'
Explanation: Qaumah is the position of standing upright after rising from ruku'. It is a Sunnah act that completes the flow of prayer. It ensures calmness before proceeding to sajdah. Neglecting it reduces the prayer's perfection.

Question 125
What is a Munfarid?
Options:
A) Imam of prayer
B) One who prays alone
C) One who joins late
D) One who starts with imam
Correct Answer: B) One who prays alone
Explanation: A Munfarid is someone who performs prayer individually, not in congregation. Though valid, congregational prayer carries 27 times more reward. Islam emphasizes unity through collective worship.

Question 126
How many obligatory acts are in wudu?
Options:
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
Correct Answer: B) 4
Explanation: There are 4 farz acts in wudu: washing the face, washing arms up to elbows, wiping the head, and washing feet up to ankles. Without these, wudu is invalid. In addition, there are 14 Sunnah acts that perfect wudu.

Question 127
How many obligatory acts are in ghusl?
Options:
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Correct Answer: B) 3
Explanation: Ghusl has 3 farz: rinsing the mouth, rinsing the nose, and washing the whole body. If any of these are missed, ghusl is incomplete. There are 5 Sunnah acts that complete its perfection.

Question 128
In which prayers is there no change in farz rak'ahs during qasr (shortened prayer)?
Options:
A) Fajr, Maghrib, and Witr
B) Zuhr, Asr, and Isha
C) Only Fajr
D) Only Maghrib
Correct Answer: A) Fajr, Maghrib, and Witr
Explanation: During qasr (traveler's prayer), Fajr remains 2 rak'ahs, Maghrib 3, and Witr 3. Only the 4-rak'ah prayers (Zuhr, Asr, Isha) are shortened to 2. This shows balance in Shari'ah: ease for travelers while maintaining structure.

Question 129
What is recited in Eid-ul-Adha after prayers?
Options:
A) Takbeer al-Ihram
B) Takbeer al-Tashreeq
C) Takbeer al-Tahreemah
D) Takbeer al-Tasbeeh
Correct Answer: B) Takbeer al-Tashreeq
Explanation: Takbeer al-Tashreeq is recited after prayers from Fajr of 9th Dhul-Hijjah till Asr of 13th Dhul-Hijjah. It glorifies Allah in the days of sacrifice. It is a Sunnah practice followed by all Muslims.

Question 130
How many people are required for Jumu'ah prayer to be valid?
Options:
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 40
Correct Answer: B) 2
Explanation: At minimum, two people are required for jama'ah prayer, including the imam. For Jumu'ah, jurists differ, but congregation is necessary. This rule emphasizes community worship. It prevents isolation in religious life.

Question 131
When did Jumu'ah become obligatory?
Options:
A) In Makkah
B) In Madinah
C) In Tabuk
D) In Khaybar
Correct Answer: B) In Madinah
Explanation: Jumu'ah became obligatory after Hijrah, in Madinah. Before that, Muslims prayed daily salat without a Friday congregation. The command of Jumu'ah is in Surah al-Jumu'ah. It is a weekly symbol of Muslim unity.

Question 132
When were the five daily prayers made compulsory?
Options:
A) 7th Nabawi
B) 9th Nabawi
C) 10th Nabawi
D) 12th Nabawi
Correct Answer: C) 10th Nabawi
Explanation: The five daily prayers were made obligatory in the 10th year of Prophethood during the Mi'raj (Night Journey). Before that, prayer was fewer in number. This event connected believers directly with Allah five times a day. It became the pillar of Islam.

Sir Syed wrote 'Anjuman-i-Tariki-i-Urdu' (or Anjuman-e-Tarik-e-Urdu) for the protection of the Urdu language.

Lieutenant Governor Macdonnell issued the Nagri Resolution in 1900, which recognized the Nagri script for official use, sparking the Hindi-Urdu controversy.

The Madrasa Ghazipur curriculum included English, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Islamiyat as compulsory subjects.