No verified paper has been uploaded for PPSC-PMS Paper Islamic Studies (for Muslim candidates) / Ethics (for Non-Muslim candidates) 2011 MCQs yet.
The MCQs below are drawn from the Islamic Studies (for Muslim candidates) / Ethics (for Non-Muslim candidates) subject category.
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531
Who is historically recognized as the first Muslim ruler to establish a permanent Sultanate in Delhi?
Qutbuddin Aibak, a former general of Muhammad Ghori, established the Mamluk (Slave) dynasty in 1206. He is widely considered the first independent Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, marking the beginning of continuous Muslim political authority in northern India, distinct from the earlier raids conducted by Mahmud of Ghazni.
532
In which year of the Hijri calendar did the Battle of Badr take place?
The Battle of Badr was a pivotal military engagement fought in 2 A.H. (624 A.D.) between the Muslims of Madina and the Quraish of Makkah. It was the first major battle in Islamic history and resulted in a significant victory for the Muslims, which greatly boosted their morale and established their presence as a formidable force in the region.
533
In which year did the Battle of Badr, the inaugural military engagement in Islamic history, take place?
The Battle of Badr occurred in the month of Ramadan in 624 A.D. (2 A.H.). It was a pivotal conflict between the Muslims of Madina, led by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the Quraish of Makkah. Despite being significantly outnumbered, the Muslim forces achieved a decisive victory, which greatly boosted the morale of the early Muslim community and established their presence as a significant power in the region.
534
Which prominent Muslim scholar and mathematician is recognized for his foundational contributions to the field of trigonometry?
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni was a polymath of the Islamic Golden Age who made profound contributions to various scientific disciplines, including mathematics, astronomy, and geography. His work in trigonometry was particularly advanced, as he developed methods for calculating sine and cosine values with high precision. His scholarly efforts helped bridge the gap between ancient knowledge and the development of modern mathematical sciences during the medieval period.
535
Which prominent Muslim polymath and scientist is credited with observing that light travels significantly faster than sound?
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni was a brilliant scholar of the Islamic Golden Age. He conducted extensive scientific inquiries into physics and astronomy. Among his many contributions, he provided early observations regarding the nature of light and sound, noting that the speed of light is much greater than that of sound, a foundational concept in the study of optics and acoustics.
536
Which Iranian mathematician identified that the sun's gravitational influence causes a 1/4 degree delay in the moon's orbital timing?
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was a polymath who made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy. He is well-known for his work on planetary motion and the development of the 'Tusi couple,' a mathematical device that helped resolve issues in the Ptolemaic model of the universe. His observations were instrumental in advancing the understanding of celestial mechanics during the Islamic Golden Age.
537
Which scholar, often referred to in the West as the 'Philosopher of the Arabs', was a prominent intellectual of the Islamic Golden Age?
Al-Kindi (Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi) was a renowned polymath, philosopher, and scientist who lived during the Abbasid Caliphate. He is celebrated for introducing Greek philosophy to the Islamic world and is historically recognized as the 'Philosopher of the Arabs' due to his extensive contributions to logic, metaphysics, and natural sciences during the peak of the Islamic Golden Age.
538
What was the primary field of expertise of the renowned Muslim scholar Abu Abdullah al-Battani (859-929)?
Abu Abdullah al-Battani was a preeminent figure during the Islamic Golden Age. He made significant contributions to astronomy by refining the measurement of the solar year and to mathematics through his work on trigonometry. His observations were highly influential in both the Islamic world and later in Europe, cementing his legacy as a master of these scientific disciplines.
539
Which prominent Muslim scientist is credited with the early use of zero and the development of astronomical tables (Zij) that influenced later scientific research in both the East and West?
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was a polymath whose work in mathematics and astronomy was foundational. He is often called the father of algebra, and his treatises introduced the decimal positional number system, including the use of zero, to the Western world. His astronomical tables, known as Zij al-Sindhind, were highly influential, providing essential data for celestial calculations that were utilized by scholars across the Islamic world and later translated into Latin for European astronomers.
540
Under which Islamic dynasty did the prominent generals Tariq bin Ziyad, Musa bin Nusayr, and Muhammad bin Qasim serve?
These legendary military commanders operated during the height of the Umayyad Caliphate. Tariq bin Ziyad and Musa bin Nusayr led the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, while Muhammad bin Qasim led the expansion into the Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent, marking a period of unprecedented territorial growth for the Umayyad state.
