No verified paper has been uploaded for PPSC-PMS Paper Islamic Studies (for Muslim candidates) / Ethics (for Non-Muslim candidates) 2012 MCQs yet.
The MCQs below are drawn from the Islamic Studies (for Muslim candidates) / Ethics (for Non-Muslim candidates) subject category.
Showing 521–530
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521
What was the historical duration of the Umayyad Caliphate's rule over the Islamic world?
The Umayyad Caliphate, the second of the four major Islamic caliphates, ruled from 661 A.D. to 750 A.D. Established by Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan following the First Fitna, the dynasty expanded the Islamic empire significantly, stretching from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Indus River in the east, before being overthrown by the Abbasid Revolution.
522
Which historical figure is credited with establishing the first independent Turkish kingdom in India?
Qutbuddin Aibak, a former general of Muhammad Ghori, founded the Mamluk or Slave Dynasty in 1206 following the death of his master. By declaring independence and establishing his capital in Delhi, he laid the foundation for the Delhi Sultanate, which marked the beginning of sustained Muslim rule in northern India.
523
Razia Sultana was a prominent ruler belonging to which dynasty?
Razia Sultana was the daughter of Iltutmish and a notable ruler of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty. She holds the distinction of being the first and only female Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, reigning from 1236 to 1240 AD.
524
Who is historically recognized as the first Muslim ruler to establish a permanent Sultanate in Delhi?
Qutbuddin Aibak, a former general of Muhammad Ghori, established the Mamluk (Slave) dynasty in 1206. He is widely considered the first independent Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, marking the beginning of continuous Muslim political authority in northern India, distinct from the earlier raids conducted by Mahmud of Ghazni.
525
In which year of the Hijri calendar did the Battle of Badr take place?
The Battle of Badr was a pivotal military engagement fought in 2 A.H. (624 A.D.) between the Muslims of Madina and the Quraish of Makkah. It was the first major battle in Islamic history and resulted in a significant victory for the Muslims, which greatly boosted their morale and established their presence as a formidable force in the region.
526
In which year did the Battle of Badr, the inaugural military engagement in Islamic history, take place?
The Battle of Badr occurred in the month of Ramadan in 624 A.D. (2 A.H.). It was a pivotal conflict between the Muslims of Madina, led by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the Quraish of Makkah. Despite being significantly outnumbered, the Muslim forces achieved a decisive victory, which greatly boosted the morale of the early Muslim community and established their presence as a significant power in the region.
527
Which prominent Muslim scholar and mathematician is recognized for his foundational contributions to the field of trigonometry?
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni was a polymath of the Islamic Golden Age who made profound contributions to various scientific disciplines, including mathematics, astronomy, and geography. His work in trigonometry was particularly advanced, as he developed methods for calculating sine and cosine values with high precision. His scholarly efforts helped bridge the gap between ancient knowledge and the development of modern mathematical sciences during the medieval period.
528
Which prominent Muslim polymath and scientist is credited with observing that light travels significantly faster than sound?
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni was a brilliant scholar of the Islamic Golden Age. He conducted extensive scientific inquiries into physics and astronomy. Among his many contributions, he provided early observations regarding the nature of light and sound, noting that the speed of light is much greater than that of sound, a foundational concept in the study of optics and acoustics.
529
Which Iranian mathematician identified that the sun's gravitational influence causes a 1/4 degree delay in the moon's orbital timing?
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi was a polymath who made significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy. He is well-known for his work on planetary motion and the development of the 'Tusi couple,' a mathematical device that helped resolve issues in the Ptolemaic model of the universe. His observations were instrumental in advancing the understanding of celestial mechanics during the Islamic Golden Age.
530
Which scholar, often referred to in the West as the 'Philosopher of the Arabs', was a prominent intellectual of the Islamic Golden Age?
Al-Kindi (Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi) was a renowned polymath, philosopher, and scientist who lived during the Abbasid Caliphate. He is celebrated for introducing Greek philosophy to the Islamic world and is historically recognized as the 'Philosopher of the Arabs' due to his extensive contributions to logic, metaphysics, and natural sciences during the peak of the Islamic Golden Age.
