Ijara wa Iqtina combines leasing with eventual ownership transfer to the lessee.

The Shariah Board oversees all financial products and ensures conformity with Islamic principles.

Debt trading at a discount constitutes riba, as it involves unequal exchange of money for money.

Qard Hasan is a loan given purely for welfare purposes without expecting any return.

Halal investments comply with Islamic ethical and legal guidelines, avoiding haram activities.

Gharar refers to transactions with major uncertainty, such as selling an unknown item or outcome.

Sukuk represent ownership in real assets or projects rather than a debt obligation.

Sukuk literally means certificates and represent ownership in tangible assets or services, unlike interest-bearing bonds.

Takaful is a mutual protection system based on solidarity, where participants contribute to a shared fund.

Gharar, or excessive uncertainty, is prohibited because it leads to injustice or exploitation.