Jean-Jacques Rousseau's autobiography is titled 'Confessions'. It is a seminal work in the genre of autobiography, known for its candid and introspective exploration of his personal life, psychological struggles, and philosophical development, reflecting his complex personality and his often strained relationships with his contemporaries.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, which was an independent republic at the time and is now part of modern-day Switzerland. His upbringing in this environment significantly influenced his republican ideals and his later political writings.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau is famously associated with the concept of the 'general will,' which represents the collective interest of the citizenry aimed at the common good. Options A, B, and C reflect his critical stance on Enlightenment progress and human nature, whereas option D is a core pillar of his political theory, making it the incorrect choice for a 'NOT' question.

Rousseau was highly critical of monarchy in 'The Social Contract,' arguing that monarchs often prioritize personal gain over the public good. He noted the difficulty of a single individual managing the state effectively. The confusion between corporate and general will is more typically associated with his critique of factions or partial associations within a state, rather than being a primary argument against the institution of monarchy itself.

Rousseau argued that the development of human reason often leads to alienation and the corruption of natural goodness, making the rational individual 'flawed' in a social sense. He believed that authentic human existence is recovered through shared feelings and communal bonds, which provide the meaning and purpose that cold, abstract reason lacks.

Rousseau argues that sovereignty is inalienable and indivisible, residing exclusively in the 'General Will' of the people. The General Will represents the collective interest of the citizenry aimed at the common good, distinct from the mere sum of individual private interests or 'actual wills'. By following the General Will, citizens remain free because they are obeying laws they have prescribed for themselves as part of the sovereign body.

The concept of the 'General Will' (volonté générale) is central to Rousseau's political philosophy. It represents the collective interest of the citizens, aimed at the common good, rather than the mere sum of individual private interests. Scholars like W.T. Jones emphasize this as his most original contribution, as it provides a moral basis for legitimate authority in a democratic society.

Rousseau famously portrayed the state of nature as a period of innocence, peace, and relative happiness. He believed that humans were naturally good and lived in a state of 'noble savagery,' characterized by self-sufficiency and simple needs. Unlike Hobbes, who saw the state of nature as a 'war of all against all,' Rousseau argued that conflict only arose later due to the development of society and private property.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva, which was then an independent city-state, but he is primarily associated with the French Enlightenment. He spent a significant portion of his life in France and wrote his major political works in the French language, making him a central figure in French political thought.

Ernest Barker viewed political theory as the intellectual product of individual thinkers reflecting on the state and society. Rather than being a collection of immutable facts, it represents the speculative and normative contributions of philosophers attempting to understand the complexities of political life. This definition emphasizes the subjective and historical context of political thought, acknowledging that theories are shaped by the specific concerns of their authors.