Monopolies distort market fairness and are condemned in hadith: 'Whoever monopolizes is a sinner.'

Qur’an (9:34–35) condemns hoarding gold and silver without spending in Allah’s cause.

Falah integrates material well-being with spiritual fulfillment and accountability to Allah.

Al-Shatibi in 'al-Muwafaqat' articulated the higher objectives of Islamic law, including economic justice.

Maqasid al-Shari‘ah outlines preservation of faith, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth.

Wasatiyyah represents moderation and balance, a key economic virtue in Islam.

Al-Ghazali warned against greed and attachment to worldly possessions.

The Muhtasib ensured accurate weights, lawful trade, and moral behavior in commerce.

Hisbah is the Islamic system for regulating markets and enforcing moral conduct.

Ibn Taymiyyah elaborated on fair pricing, market regulation, and freedom from monopolies.